💥💥💥 What is time scale factor in Ansys Fluent for steady state analysis

The time scale factor is a parameter that controls the size of the time step used in the pseudo-transient approach for steady state simulations. The pseudo-transient approach is a method that stabilizes the numerics by adding a time derivative term to the governing equations and marching the solution in time until a steady state solution is reached¹.

The time scale factor can be either specified by the user or computed automatically by ANSYS Fluent. By default, ANSYS Fluent will compute the time scale factor based on the representative length scale and velocity scale of the flow, as well as the Courant number. The Courant number is a dimensionless number that measures the ratio of the physical time required for a fluid particle to cross a cell to the numerical time step².

The choice of the time scale factor depends on the type and characteristics of your fluid flow, such as the density variation, the flow regime, and the convergence criteria. Here are some general guidelines for choosing the time scale factor ²:

• If you have a constant-density flow or a flow with small density variations, you can use the default value that ANSYS Fluent computes for you. You can also adjust the Courant number to increase or decrease the time step size.
• If you have a variable-density flow or a flow with large density variations, such as natural convection or compressible flow, you should specify the time scale factor based on the outside pressure and temperature conditions. You can also use the Boussinesq approximation or the ideal gas law to calculate the time scale factor as a function of temperature and pressure.
• If you have a multiphase flow or a flow with multiple gas species and chemical reactions, you should specify the time scale factor based on the mass-weighted average of the time scales of each phase or species.

You can find more details about the time scale factor and its effects on different types of fluid flows in Chapter 13 of ANSYS Fluent Theory Guide². You can also watch some videos of ANSYS Fluent simulations using different values of time scale factor ³ . 

How to specify time scale factor for multiflows (multiphase) ? - for mass - weighted average 

The time scale factor is a parameter that controls the size of the time step used in the pseudo-transient approach for steady state simulations. The pseudo-transient approach is a method that stabilizes the numerics by adding a time derivative term to the governing equations and marching the solution in time until a steady state solution is reached¹.

To specify the time scale factor based on the mass-weighted average of the time scales of each phase or species, you need to follow these steps:

1. In the Solution panel, select Time Step Size and then click Edit… to open the Time Step Size dialog box.
2. In the Time Step Size dialog box, select Physical Timescale under Method. This will enable you to specify the time scale factor manually.
3. In the Physical Timescale field, enter the value of the time scale factor that you want to use in your problem. You can calculate the value of the time scale factor based on the mass-weighted average of the time scales of each phase or species using this formula ¹:

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4. Click OK in the Time Step Size dialog box. ANSYS Fluent will use the specified time scale factor to calculate the size of the time step for your simulation.

You can find more details about the time scale factor and its effects on different types of fluid flows in Chapter 13 of ANSYS Fluent Theory Guide¹. You can also watch some videos of ANSYS Fluent simulations using different values of time scale factor ²³. 

💥💥💥 What is species model in Ansys Fluent and what is use for ? 🧐

Species model in Ansys Fluent is a feature that allows you to model the mixing and transport of chemical species by solving conservation equations describing convection, diffusion, and reaction sources for each component species¹. You can use this model to simulate non-reacting or reacting flows, with reactions occurring in the bulk phase, on wall or particle surfaces, or in the porous region². You can also choose different reaction mechanisms and rate formulations to suit your problem³.

Some examples of applications that use species model in Ansys Fluent are:

- Combustion modeling using finite-rate chemistry²

- Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes²

- Fuel cell modeling

- Electrochemical reactions

Source:

(1) ANSYS FLUENT 12.0 User's Guide - 33.3.17 Species Model Dialog Box - ENEA. https://www.afs.enea.it/project/neptunius/docs/fluent/html/ug/node1036.htm.

(2) ANSYS FLUENT 12.0 User's Guide - 15. Modeling Species Transport and .... https://www.afs.enea.it/project/neptunius/docs/fluent/html/ug/node512.htm.

(3) ANSYS FLUENT 12.0 Theory Guide - 7. Species Transport and Finite ... - ENEA. https://www.afs.enea.it/project/neptunius/docs/fluent/html/th/node126.htm.

How to define species model in Ansys ? 

To model species transport and finite-rate chemistry in Ansys Fluent, you need to follow these steps:

- Enable the **Species Transport** model in the **Species Model** dialog box. You can also choose the **Non-Premixed Combustion** model if you want to simulate turbulent reacting flow using the non-premixed combustion model¹.

- Define the **species** that are involved in your problem. You can add or remove species from the list of available species in the **Boundary Species** section of the **Species Model** dialog box¹.

- Define the **reactions** that occur in your problem. You can choose from different reaction mechanisms and rate formulations in the **Reactions** section of the **Species Model** dialog box¹. You can also specify the **reaction zones**, where the reactions take place, and the **reaction orders**, which determine how the reaction rates depend on the species concentrations².

- Define the **boundary conditions** for your problem. You can specify the **species mass fractions**, **temperature**, and **reaction rates** at the inlet, outlet, wall, or other boundaries².

- Initialize and run the calculation. You can monitor the **species mass fractions**, **temperature**, and **reaction rates** during the solution process².

Source: 

(1) ANSYS FLUENT 12.0 User's Guide - 33.3.17 Species Model Dialog Box - ENEA. https://www.afs.enea.it/project/neptunius/docs/fluent/html/ug/node1036.htm.

(2) 15. Modeling Species Transport and Finite-Rate Chemistry - ENEA. https://www.afs.enea.it/project/neptunius/docs/fluent/html/ug/node512.htm.

(3) 15. Modeling Species Transport and Finite-Rate Chemistry - ENEA. https://www.afs.enea.it/project/neptunius/docs/fluent/html/ug/node512.htm.

(4) #Ansys Fluent Tutorial | Modeling Species Transport and Gaseous .... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HcX1t9EDpSs.

What are differences between species model and Euler model in Ansys Fluent

The species model and the Euler model are two different approaches for modeling multiphase flows in Ansys Fluent. The species model is used to model the mixing and transport of chemical species by solving conservation equations describing convection, diffusion, and reaction sources for each component species³. The Euler model is used to model the interpenetrating continua of different phases by solving a set of momentum and continuity equations for each phase².

Some of the differences between the species model and the Euler model are:

- The species model is suitable for non-reacting or reacting flows, with reactions occurring in the bulk phase, on wall or particle surfaces, or in the porous region³. The Euler model is suitable for granular (fluid-solid) flows or nongranular (fluid-fluid) flows, with coupling achieved through the pressure and interphase exchange coefficients².

- The species model shares a single set of momentum equations by the fluids, and tracks the volume fraction of each of the fluids in each computational cell³. The Euler model solves a separate set of momentum equations for each phase, and accounts for the phasic volume fractions that sum up to one².

- The species model requires the definition of species, reactions, reaction zones, and reaction orders³. The Euler model requires the definition of interphase drag, lift, wall lubrication, turbulent dispersion, and virtual mass forces².

Source: 

(1) ANSYS FLUENT 12.0 User's Guide - 15. Modeling Species Transport ... - ENEA. https://www.afs.enea.it/project/neptunius/docs/fluent/html/ug/node512.htm.

(2) ANSYS FLUENT 12.0 Theory Guide - 16.2.1 Approaches to Multiphase Modeling. https://www.afs.enea.it/project/neptunius/docs/fluent/html/th/node293.htm.

(3) ANSYS FLUENT 12.0 User's Guide - 33.3.17 Species Model Dialog Box - ENEA. https://www.afs.enea.it/project/neptunius/docs/fluent/html/ug/node1036.htm.

😊😊😊 How to change workspace in Ansys Workbench (Design Modeler)? 😊😊😊

 If U want to change, for example background in Ansys Design Modeler, U only need follow two simple steps. Below You can find short instruction how to do it. 

1. First U need to open Ansys Workbench Workspace 

2. Click on Tools (red frame)  - and pick Options (1) 

3. Next click on Apperance  - Then U can change Graphic Style 

I think , that after changes, your workflow will be more efficient. 

Below U can find other instructions how to change workspace in Ansys Workbench

To change the workspace in DesignModeler ANSYS, you can follow these steps:

• Open Workbench and create a new project or open an existing one.
• Right-click on the Geometry cell and select DesignModeler as the geometry editor. If DesignModeler is not listed, you may need to install it separately from the ANSYS Student website.
• Double-click on the Geometry cell to launch DesignModeler. You will see a default workspace with a 3D view and a tree outline on the left.
• To customize the workspace, you can use the View menu to change the display options, such as grid, axes, units, etc. You can also use the Tools menu to access various tools, such as sketching, modeling, parameters, etc.
• To save the workspace settings, you can use the File menu and select Save Settings As. You can also load a previously saved workspace by selecting Load Settings.
• To exit DesignModeler and return to Workbench, you can use the File menu and select Exit.

I hope this helps you with your question. If you need more information, you can check out these web search results . 😊

To change the background color in ANSYS DesignModeler, you can follow these steps:

• Launch DesignModeler from Workbench by right-clicking on the Geometry cell and selecting DesignModeler as the geometry editor.
• In DesignModeler, go to the View menu and select Background Style. You can choose from Uniform, Gradient, or Image options.
• If you choose Uniform, you can select a single color for the background by clicking on the color box and choosing from the palette.
• If you choose Gradient, you can select two colors for the background by clicking on the color boxes and choosing from the palette. You can also adjust the gradient angle and intensity by dragging the sliders.
• If you choose Image, you can browse for an image file to use as the background. You can also adjust the image position, size, and transparency by dragging the sliders.
• To apply the changes, click OK. You can also save your settings for future use by clicking Save Settings As.

I hope this helps you with your question. If you need more information, you can check out these video tutorials.  😊

💥💥💥 #12steps Ansys Fluent Tutorial Rotating Fan in Steady State 🧐🧐🧐

 Below You can find two parts of tutorial  - how to model rotating fan in Ansys Fluent. The first episode is in Steady State  - frame motion model. 

What is Digital Twin in Ansys and capabilities of dedicated software for this Twin Builder

 A digital twin is a connected, virtual replica of an in-service physical asset that uses simulation and data to mirror the real-world experience of that product¹. A digital twin can be used for system design and optimization, predictive maintenance, and industrial asset management².

Ansys is a software company that provides simulation-based solutions for various engineering domains. Ansys Twin Builder is one of the products that Ansys offers for creating and deploying digital twin models². Ansys Twin Builder allows engineers to build, validate, and deploy simulation-based digital twins with hybrid analytics². Hybrid analytics combines machine learning and physics-based approaches to achieve more accurate predictions².

Some of the capabilities of Ansys Twin Builder are:

- It can integrate real-world data from sensors and IoT platforms with simulation models to create a digital twin that reflects the current state and behavior of the physical asset².

- It can run simulations faster and more efficiently using reduced-order models (ROMs) that capture the essential dynamics of the system without compromising accuracy².

- It can support various types of systems, such as fluid, structural, electromagnetic, thermal, and power systems, using Ansys' multidomain simulation expertise².

- It can validate the performance and reliability of the digital twin using Ansys' solver technology and model libraries².

- It can deploy the digital twin to any platform, such as cloud, edge, or on-premise, using Ansys' runtime capabilities and APIs².

You can find more information about Ansys Twin Builder on the [Ansys website](^2^) or read some case studies and examples on the [Fluid Codes website](^3^) or the [Finite Element Analysis website](^4^).

Source:

(1) Digital Twin Simulation-Based Software | Ansys. https://www.ansys.com/products/digital-twin.

(2) Ansys Twin Builder | Create and Deploy Digital Twin Models. https://www.ansys.com/products/digital-twin/ansys-twin-builder.

(3) Ansys Twin Builder | Create and Deploy Digital Twin Models. https://www.ansys.com/products/digital-twin/ansys-twin-builder.

(4) A working example of a Simulation-enabled Digital Twin. https://www.finiteelementanalysis.com.au/featured/simulation-enabled-digital-twin/.

(5) SIMULATION PRODUCT HANDPRINT: DIGITAL TWINS - Ansys. https://www.ansys.com/content/dam/amp/2022/july/asset-creation/esg-ebooks/ansys-esg-digital-twin.pdf.

What are the generał steps to build Digital Twin in Ansys Twin Builder ? 

The general steps to build a digital twin on Twin Builder Ansys are:

- Build your twin: You need to create a system-level simulation model of your physical asset using Ansys' multidomain simulation expertise and solver technology. You can also integrate third-party tools and 3D models within your system simulation using reduced-order models (ROMs), which are simplifications of 3D models that preserve the essential information and run faster²⁴.

- Validate your twin: You need to verify and validate the performance and reliability of your digital twin model using Ansys' model libraries and test scenarios. You can also compare the simulation results with real-world data from sensors and IoT platforms to calibrate and improve your model².

- Deploy your twin: You need to deploy your digital twin model to any platform, such as cloud, edge, or on-premise, using Ansys' runtime capabilities and APIs. You can also connect your digital twin with real-time data streams from your physical asset and monitor its operation and health remotely².

You can find more information about how to build a digital twin on Twin Builder Ansys on the [Ansys website](^2^) or watch some video tutorials on [YouTube](^1^) ²³.

Source: 

(2) Build, Validate and Deploy Simulation-Based Digital Twins with Ansys. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAsTDoosc2o.

(3) How to Build a Digital Twin from a Systems Simulation | Ansys. https://www.ansys.com/blog/how-to-build-a-digital-twin-from-a-systems-simulation.

(4) Build, Validate and Deploy Simulation-Based Digital Twins with Ansys. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAsTDoosc2o.

💥 #12steps tutorial Ansys Design Modeler How to create plane, patterns and substract volumes 🧐

 A plane in ANSYS Design Modeler is a flat surface that can be used to create sketches or other geometry features. There are different ways to create a plane in ANSYS Design Modeler, depending on the reference geometry and the orientation of the plane.

Some of the methods to create a plane are:

• From Plane: This method creates a new plane by offsetting or rotating an existing plane. You can specify the distance and angle of the transformation, or use the drag handles to adjust the position and orientation of the new plane.
• From Face: This method creates a new plane that is parallel to an existing face of a solid or surface body. You can specify the offset distance from the face, or use the drag handle to move the new plane.
• From Centroid: This method creates a new plane that passes through the centroid of a selected body, edge, or vertex. You can specify the normal direction of the plane, or use the drag handles to rotate the plane.
• From Circle/Ellipse: This method creates a new plane that is tangent to a selected circle or ellipse. You can specify the offset distance from the circle or ellipse, or use the drag handle to move the new plane.
• From Point and Edge: This method creates a new plane that passes through a selected point and is parallel to a selected edge. You can use the drag handles to rotate or move the new plane.
• From Point and Normal: This method creates a new plane that passes through a selected point and has a specified normal direction. You can enter the normal vector components, or use the drag handles to rotate the plane.
• From Three Points: This method creates a new plane that passes through three selected points. The points can be vertices, sketch points, or points on edges or faces.
• From Coordinates: This method creates a new plane that has a specified origin and normal direction. You can enter the coordinates of the origin and the normal vector components, or use the drag handles to adjust the position and orientation of the new plane.

To create a plane using any of these methods, you need to follow these steps:

1. Open ANSYS Design Modeler and create or import your geometry.
2. In the Tree Outline, right-click on XYPlane, YZPlane, or ZXPlane and select Insert > Plane.
3. In the Details View, select the method you want to use from the Type drop-down list.
4. Select the reference geometry (plane, face, edge, vertex, point, circle, ellipse) as required by the method.
5. Specify the parameters (distance, angle, normal vector) as required by the method, or use the drag handles to adjust the position and orientation of the new plane.
6. Click Generate to create the new plane.

You can also watch some video tutorials on how to create planes in ANSYS Design Modeler:

• A tutorial on how to create planes and sketches
• A video on how to create section planes
• A video on how to view results on section planes

I hope this helps you understand how to create planes in ANSYS Design Modeler. 😊

💥💥💥 Strength analysis of rotating FAN Ansys Static Structural Tutorial 🧐

Strength analysis is a type of finite element analysis that is used to determine the stress and strain of a structure or a component under various loads and boundary conditions. ANSYS is a software that provides a comprehensive suite of tools for performing strength analysis and other types of engineering simulations.

If you want to learn more about strength analysis in ANSYS, you can check out some of these resources:

• [A tutorial on how to perform strength analysis of a beam in ANSYS]
• [A video on how to perform strength analysis of a plate in ANSYS]
• [A course on strength analysis using ANSYS]

I hope this helps. 😊

: Finite Element Analysis - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics : ANSYS - Wikipedia : Strength Analysis of Beam in ANSYS - Tutorial for Beginners - YouTube : Strength Analysis of Plate in ANSYS - Tutorial for Beginners - YouTube : Strength Analysis using ANSYS | Udemy

💥 #12steps tutorial Ansys Design Modeler How to draw a fan 🧐

 

Design modeler ansys is a software tool for *geometric modeling* that allows you to create and modify your models in preparation for your analysis in ansys workbench. Ansys workbench is a platform for *computational fluid dynamics (CFD)* and *finite element analysis (FEA)* that can simulate various phenomena involving fluid flow, heat transfer, and chemical reactions. Design modeler ansys is intended for both CFD and FEA users. ¹² #computerscience #engineer #engineering #scienceandtechnology #ansys #fea #cae #simulation #mechanicalengineering #creativity #projects #consultants #industrialengineering #productdesign #productdevelopment #industrialdesign #automotive With design modeler ansys, you can: - Import and export models from various CAD formats, such as SolidWorks, Catia, UG, etc. ¹³ - Create and edit parametric models using sketching, extrusion, revolution, sweep, loft, blend, etc. ¹⁴ - Apply Boolean operations, such as unite, subtract, intersect, etc., to combine or separate models. ¹⁴ - Modify models by adding or removing features, such as holes, fillets, chamfers, etc. ¹⁴ - Create and modify coordinate systems and planes to define the orientation and position of models. ¹⁴ - Define dimensions and constraints to control the size and shape of models. ¹⁴ - Create named selections and body interactions to assign boundary conditions and loads in ansys workbench. ¹⁴ Design modeler ansys has a graphical user interface (GUI) that consists of several panels, such as: - The *tree outline* panel that shows the hierarchy of the model components and allows you to select and edit them. ¹⁴ - The *graphics* panel that displays the model in 3D view and allows you to zoom, pan, rotate, etc. ¹⁴ - The *details view* panel that shows the properties and parameters of the selected component and allows you to change them. ¹⁴ - The *toolbar* panel that contains various icons for creating and modifying models. ¹⁴ - The *message* panel that shows the status and errors of the modeling process. ¹⁴ is better Ansys Design Modeler or Space Claim ??

- Import and export models from various CAD formats, such as SolidWorks, Catia, UG, etc. ¹³ - Create and edit parametric models using sketching, extrusion, revolution, sweep, loft, blend, etc. ¹⁴ - Apply Boolean operations, such as unite, subtract, intersect, etc., to combine or separate models. ¹⁴ - Modify models by adding or removing features, such as holes, fillets, chamfers, etc. ¹⁴ - Create and modify coordinate systems and planes to define the orientation and position of models. ¹⁴ - Define dimensions and constraints to control the size and shape of models. ¹⁴ - Create named selections and body interactions to assign boundary conditions and loads in ansys workbench. ¹⁴ Design modeler ansys has a graphical user interface (GUI) that consists of several panels, such as: - The *tree outline* panel that shows the hierarchy of the model components and allows you to select and edit them. ¹⁴ - The *graphics* panel that displays the model in 3D view and allows you to zoom, pan, rotate, etc. ¹⁴ - The *details view* panel that shows the properties and parameters of the selected component and allows you to change them. ¹⁴ - The *toolbar* panel that contains various icons for creating and modifying models. ¹⁴ - The *message* panel that shows the status and errors of the modeling process. ¹⁴

How to define porosity in Ansys CFX ?

 ANSYS CFX is another software for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) that can also simulate various phenomena involving fluid flow, heat transfer, and chemical reactions. Similar to ANSYS Fluent, ANSYS CFX can also model porous media, such as packed beds, filter papers, perforated plates, etc

To define porosity in ANSYS CFX, you need to specify a domain in which the porous media model is applied and the pressure loss in the flow is determined by your inputs. There are two approaches to set up the porous media model. 

In addition to the source term in the momentum equation, you also need to define the porosity value for the porous domain. The porosity is a dimensionless quantity that indicates the fraction of the domain volume that is occupied by fluid. The porosity affects the calculation of material properties, heat transfer, reaction source terms, and body forces in the porous medium. You can enter a constant value for the porosity or use a user-defined function (UDF) to specify a spatially varying porosity

To define porosity and resistance coefficients in ANSYS CFX using the graphical user interface (GUI), you can follow these steps:

• Go to Domain panel and select the domain that you want to model as porous.
• Enable Porous Media option and click Edit.
• In the Porous Media panel, enter the value for porosity or select UDF option if you have a UDF for porosity.
• Select either Standard or Power-Law option for Resistance Formulation.
• Enter the values for resistance coefficients or select UDF option if you have a UDF for resistance coefficients.
• Click OK to close the Porous Media panel and Apply to close the Domain panel.

To define porosity and resistance coefficients in ANSYS CFX using text commands (TCL), you can follow these steps:

• Enable TCL mode by using the command: tcl
• In TCL mode, type set domain-name [get "Domain:domain-name"] where domain-name is your domain name.
• Type set domain-name.Porous Media = On to enable Porous Media option.
• Type set domain-name.Porosity = value or set domain-name.Porosity = "UDF:udf-name" where value is your porosity value or udf-name is your UDF name for porosity.
• Type set domain-name.Resistance Formulation = "Standard" or set domain-name.Resistance Formulation = "Power-Law" to select Resistance Formulation option.
• Type set domain-name.Resistance Coefficients = "value1 value2" or set domain-name.Resistance Coefficients = "UDF:udf-name" where value1 and value2 are your resistance coefficients or udf-name is your UDF name for resistance coefficients.
• Type end to exit from TCL mode.

For more information and examples on how to define porosity in ANSYS CFX, you can refer to these sources:

• ANSYS CFX-Solver Modeling Guide - 4.6 Porous Media 
• Entering parameters at CFX’s porous domain - Ansys Learning Forum 
• Porous medium Settings(porosity settings) in CFX - CFD Online 

You can also watch this video that demonstrates how to simulate flow through porous media using ANSYS CFX:

•  #Ansys CFX Tutorial | Flow Through Porous Media 

How to define porosity in Ansys Fluent ?

 ANSYS Fluent is a software for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) that can simulate various phenomena involving fluid flow, heat transfer, and chemical reactions. One of the features of ANSYS Fluent is the ability to model porous media, such as packed beds, filter papers, perforated plates, etc

To define porosity in ANSYS Fluent, you need to specify a cell zone in which the porous media model is applied and the pressure loss in the flow is determined by your inputs. There are two approaches to set up the porous media model:

In addition to the source term in the momentum equation, you also need to define the porosity value for the porous cell zone. The porosity is a dimensionless quantity that indicates the fraction of the cell volume that is occupied by fluid. The porosity affects the calculation of material properties, heat transfer, reaction source terms, and body forces in the porous medium. You can enter a constant value for the porosity or use a user-defined function (UDF) to specify a spatially varying porosity

To define porosity and resistance coefficients in ANSYS Fluent using the graphical user interface (GUI), you can follow these steps:

• Go to Cell Zone Conditions panel and select the cell zone that you want to model as porous.
• Enable Porous Zone option and click Edit.
• In the Porous Zone panel, enter the value for porosity or select UDF option if you have a UDF for porosity.
• Select either Standard or Power-Law option for Resistance Formulation.
• Enter the values for resistance coefficients or select UDF option if you have a UDF for resistance coefficients.
• Click OK to close the Porous Zone panel and Apply to close the Cell Zone Conditions panel.

To define porosity and resistance coefficients in ANSYS Fluent using the text user interface (TUI), you can follow these steps:

• Enable the use of parameters in TUI by using the command: /define/parameters/enable-in-TUI? yes
• In the TUI, type /define/boundary-conditions/set/fluid
• Select the appropriate cell zone by typing its name and hitting Enter.
• Type y to enable Porous Zone option.
• Enter the value for porosity or type udf if you have a UDF for porosity.
• Type standard or power-law for Resistance Formulation.
• Enter the values for resistance coefficients or type udf if you have a UDF for resistance coefficients.
• Type end to exit from fluid boundary conditions.

For more information and examples on how to define porosity in ANSYS Fluent, you can refer to these sources:

• ANSYS FLUENT 12.0 User’s Guide - 7.2.3 Porous Media Conditions 
• Porous medium simulation. Fluid porosity. - Ansys Learning Forum 
• How to define a parameter for Porosity through ANSYS Fluent TUI … 
• Question about Solidification/melting model in Fluent ⁵

You can also watch these videos that demonstrate how to simulate flow through porous media using ANSYS Fluent:

• #Ansys Fluent | Flow Through Porous Media | Part 1/2 
• Ansys Fluent 2020 R1 - Porous Medium Tutorial 
• ANSYS Fluent Tutorial | Application of Periodic Boundary Conditions in Fluid Flow & Heat Transfer | 

#12steps Video Tutorial Ansys Transient Thermal - How to define different temperatures on various elements on one geometry ?

First of all, U need to know what are APDL commands and what to use for. 

 The IC command in Ansys APDL is used to specify initial conditions at nodes for a static or transient analysis . It allows you to define the initial values of the degrees of freedom, such as displacements, rotations, temperatures, magnetic potentials, etc. The syntax of the IC command is:

IC, NODE, Lab, VALUE, VALUE2, NEND, NINC

where:

• NODE is the node at which the initial condition is applied. You can use ALL to apply to all selected nodes, P to enable graphical picking, or a component name.
• Lab is the degree-of-freedom label for which the initial condition is specified. You can use ALL to apply to all appropriate labels.
• VALUE is the initial value of the degree of freedom. It defaults to the program default for that degree of freedom (0.0 for structural analysis, TUNIF for thermal analysis, etc.).
• VALUE2 is the second-order degree of freedom value, mainly used for non-structural DOF where VELX can’t be used. It defaults to the program default for that degree of freedom (0.0 for structural analysis).
• NEND and NINC are optional arguments that specify the same initial condition values at a range of nodes from NODE to NEND (defaults to NODE), in steps of NINC (defaults to 1).

Some notes and examples of using the IC command are:

• The IC command is valid only for a static analysis and full method transient analysis (TIMINT,ON and TRNOPT,FULL). For the transient, the initial value is specified at the beginning of the first load step, that is, at time = 0.0 .
• Initial conditions should always be step applied (KBC,1) and not ramped .
• If constraints (D, DSYM, etc.) and initial conditions are applied at the same node, the constraint specification overrides .
• For thermal analyses, any TUNIF specification should be applied before the IC command; otherwise, the TUNIF specification is ignored .
• The degree-of-freedom values start from zero, or the first value given in the table when table name is specified .
• To match the nonzero initial condition value with the initial value for degree-of-freedom constraint, use a table for the degree-of-freedom constraint .
• The values are in the nodal coordinate system and in radians for rotational degrees of freedom .

For example, to apply an initial temperature of 100°C to all selected nodes, you can use:

IC, ALL, TEMP, 100

To apply an initial displacement of 0.01 m in the x-direction and an initial velocity of 5 m/s in the y-direction to node 5 and node 10, you can use:

IC, 5, UX, 0.01
IC, 5, VELY, 5
IC, 10,, , , 10

You can find more information about the IC command and other Ansys APDL commands in the Mechanical APDL Command Reference . You can also visit the Ansys Learning Forum  to ask questions and learn from other users. I hope this helps you understand the IC command better. 😊

What is better? SpaceClaim or Design Modeler in Ansys ?

 SpaceClaim is a 3D CAD modeling software that runs on Microsoft Windows and is developed by SpaceClaim Corporation, which was acquired by Ansys in 2014². SpaceClaim allows you to quickly create, edit, or modify imported geometry without the complexity associated with traditional CAD systems. You can use SpaceClaim for various purposes, such as design and concept modeling, reverse engineering, 3D printing, model preparation for simulation and manufacturing, and more⁴.

SpaceClaim uses direct modeling techniques that let you manipulate the geometry with simple gestures, such as pull, move, fill, and combine. You can also add constraints and parameters to your sketches and save them with a block recording function. SpaceClaim can import and export various file formats, such as STEP, IGES, STL, etc⁵. SpaceClaim is integrated with Ansys Simulation packages as a built-in 3D modeler².

Source: 

(1) Ansys SpaceClaim: Tips and Tricks | Ansys Virtual Academy. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZI02A1cS8ME.

(2) Ansys SpaceClaim | 3D CAD Modeling Software. https://www.ansys.com/products/3d-design/ansys-spaceclaim.

(3) SpaceClaim - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpaceClaim.

(4) What's New in Ansys SpaceClaim 2020 R2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=faAKd_aOq6w.

(5) ANSYS Discovery SpaceClaim - ANSYS 19 Overview. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dz-k2f1Taq4.

(6) ANSYS SpaceClaim: Everything to Know | Explore the Future of .... https://sunglass.io/ansys-spaceclaim/.

(7) Ansys SpaceClaim Reviews 2023: Details, Pricing, & Features - G2. https://www.g2.com/products/ansys-spaceclaim/reviews.

(8) https://ketiv.com/academy/ansys-virtual-academy/.

What is better: Ansys SpaceClaim or Ansys Design Modeler?

There is no definitive answer to which tool is better, as it may depend on your preferences, needs, and use cases. However, I can provide you with some information and comparisons based on the web search results that I have found.

- ANSYS DesignModeler (DM) and ANSYS Discovery SpaceClaim (SC) are both 3D modeling tools that can be used for creating and modifying geometry for simulation purposes¹.

- DM and SC use different geometry modeling kernels: DM uses Parasolid, while SC uses ACIS². This means that moving data between DM and other tools that use Parasolid (such as SOLIDWORKS) is easier than moving data between SC and those tools, as there is no need for translation². However, SC can also import and export various file formats, such as STEP, IGES, STL, etc³.

- DM has a history tree that records the sequence of operations performed on the geometry, while SC does not have a history tree by default (although it can be enabled with an optional feature)². This means that DM allows you to easily modify the parameters and constraints of the geometry at any stage, while SC requires you to use the block recording function to save and replay the operations⁴.

- SC has a more intuitive and user-friendly interface than DM, as it uses direct modeling techniques that allow you to manipulate the geometry with simple gestures such as drag, pull, move, etc³. SC also has more advanced features such as repair, simplify, optimize, etc., that can help you prepare the geometry for simulation faster and easier³.

- Both DM and SC have their own advantages and disadvantages, and you may need to use both of them depending on the situation. For example, you may want to use DM for parametric design and optimization, and use SC for complex geometry creation and modification².

Source:

(1) Design Modeler Vs SpaceClaim - Ansys Learning Forum. https://forum.ansys.com/forums/topic/design-modelller-vs-spaceclaim/.

(2) When DesignModeler is a better choice than SpaceClaim. https://forum.ansys.com/forums/topic/when-designmodeler-is-a-better-choice-than-spaceclaim/.

(3) Compare ANSYS DesignModeler vs ANSYS Discovery SpaceClaim. https://comparisons.financesonline.com/ansys-designmodeler-vs-ansys-discovery-spaceclaim.

(4) Compare Ansys Discovery vs Ansys SpaceClaim 2023 | Capterra. https://www.capterra.com/simulation-software/compare/245795-124168/Ansys-Discovery-vs-Ansys-SpaceClaim.

#12steps Video Tutorial - Conjugate Heat Transfer on Ansys Fluent

 This is the first episode of 12 steps video's tutorials. I hope You like it :) 

First U need to know what is Conjugate Heat Transfer. 

Conjugate heat transfer is a type of heat transfer analysis that involves both solids and fluids. It takes into account the effects of conduction in solids and convection in fluids, as well as the interactions between them at the interface. Conjugate heat transfer is important for many engineering applications, such as cooling of electronic devices, heat exchangers, combustion chambers, and solar collectors. ¹²

Some examples of conjugate heat transfer problems are:

- A heat sink that dissipates heat from a power supply unit by increasing the surface area in contact with the air flow generated by a fan. ²

- A shell-and-tube heat exchanger that transfers heat between two fluids separated by a thin metal wall. ²

- A nuclear reactor core that transfers heat from the fuel rods to the coolant fluid. ⁴

To solve conjugate heat transfer problems, one needs to use a numerical method that can handle both solid and fluid domains, as well as the coupling conditions at the interface. Some of the methods are:

- The domain decomposition method, which divides the problem into subdomains and solves them separately, then matches the solutions at the interface. ¹

- The finite element method, which discretizes the problem into elements and applies variational principles to obtain a system of equations. ²

- The finite volume method, which discretizes the problem into control volumes and applies conservation laws to obtain a system of equations. ³⁴

Below two parts of video tutorial of Conjugate Heat Transfer in Ansys Fluent (#12steps series)

Source: 

(1) Conjugate convective heat transfer - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugate_Convective_Heat_Transfer.

(2) Conjugate Heat Transfer | COMSOL Blog. https://www.comsol.com/blogs/conjugate-heat-transfer/.

(3) Solving Conjugate Heat Transfer problems - Computational Fluid Dynamics. https://www.computationalfluiddynamics.com.au/conjugate-heat-transfer/.

(4) Conjugate Heat Transfer Simulation: Best Practices | SimScale. https://www.simscale.com/blog/cht-best-practices/.

Quick Tip: How to avoid Incorrect Wave Height in Ansys Fluent

According to my video and web search, this is a common issue that many Fluent users face when simulating open channel flow with wave boundary conditions . Some possible causes and solutions are:

• The wave height may be affected by the mesh quality and resolution. You may need to refine your mesh near the free surface and use a finer time step to capture the wave dynamics more accurately .
• The wave height may also depend on the wave theory and spectrum that you choose for your boundary conditions. You may need to adjust the parameters such as wave length, wave period, wave amplitude, wave direction, etc. to match your desired wave characteristics .
• The wave height may be influenced by the numerical schemes and relaxation factors that you use for your solution methods. You may need to use a higher order scheme such as QUICK or MUSCL and lower the relaxation factors for pressure and volume fraction to improve the stability and accuracy of your solution .

You can find more details and examples on how to perform these steps in the following resources:

• A video tutorial on how to model a tank discharge flow using VOF model in Ansys Fluent .
• A video tutorial on how to model an open channel flow with wave using VOF model in Ansys Fluent ³.
• A forum thread on how to avoid incorrect wave height in Ansys Fluent.
• A forum thread on how to use wave period for input in Fluent.
• The Ansys Fluent User’s Guide, especially Chapter 23: Using the VOF Model.
• The Ansys Fluent Theory Guide, especially Chapter 18: Volume of Fluid Model Theory.

I hope this helps you avoid incorrect wave height in Ansys Fluent and achieve your desired simulation results. If you have any other questions, please feel free to ask me. 😊

Quick Tip: How to fix Error: GENERAL-CAR-CDR in Ansys (Fluent)

 The error message Error: GENERAL-CAR-CDR: invalid argument [1]: improper list means that there is a problem with the scheme code or the UDF (user-defined function) in your case or data file . Some possible solutions are:

• Save the case and data file and try to reopen it.
• Reset the Fluent Setup tab and try opening the mesh.
• Remesh the geometry and reopen in Fluent.
• Change the material definition from “Solid” to “Fluid” in Design Modeler.
• Change the transient to steady if you are using evaporation-condensation as the phase interaction mechanism.
• Check the syntax of your UDF and make sure it follows the new rules in Fluent 6.2.16 or later.

I hope this helps you resolve the error. If you need more assistance, please visit the Ansys Learning Forum or contact Ansys Support . Have a nice day! 😊

Sources:

1. smartadm.ru

2. cfd-online.com

3. forum.ansys.com

4. forum.ansys.com

In Polish 

Błąd: GENERAL-CAR-CDR oznacza, że wystąpił problem z kodem Scheme w programie Ansys Fluent. Scheme to język programowania używany do pisania funkcji zdefiniowanych przez użytkownika (UDF) lub makr w Fluent ¹. Błąd ten pojawia się, gdy Fluent oczekuje listy wartości, ale otrzymuje inną wartość, np. fałszywą (#f) ².

Możliwe przyczyny tego błędu to:

• Niepoprawna składnia lub brakujące znaki w kodzie Scheme
• Niezgodność typów danych lub argumentów w funkcjach Scheme
• Nieprawidłowe ustawienia lub opcje w Fluent

Możliwe rozwiązania tego błędu to:

• Sprawdzenie i poprawienie kodu Scheme, upewniając się, że wszystkie nawiasy i cudzysłowy są zamknięte i dopasowane
• Sprawdzenie i poprawienie typów danych i argumentów w funkcjach Scheme, upewniając się, że są zgodne z dokumentacją Fluent
• Zapisanie i ponowne otwarcie pliku przypadku i danych
• Zresetowanie zakładki ustawień Fluent i ponowne otwarcie siatki
• Przemieszanie geometrii i ponowne otwarcie w Fluent

Możesz znaleźć więcej informacji i przykładów na temat tego błędu na stronach internetowych ³⁴. Mam nadzieję, że to ci pomoże. 😊

What are APDL commands in Ansys and what are they used for?

 APDL commands are text commands that you can use to perform various tasks in Ansys, such as defining material properties, applying boundary conditions, solving models, and post-processing results. APDL stands for Ansys Parametric Design Language, and it is a scripting language that allows you to automate and customize your Ansys workflows.

APDL commands can be entered in the Ansys Mechanical APDL interface, or in the command objects in Ansys Workbench. You can also write APDL scripts or macros that contain multiple commands and run them as a batch file. APDL commands can access the full functionality of Ansys, including features that are not available in the graphical user interface.

Some examples of APDL commands are:

• MP,EX,1,200E9 - This command defines the Young’s modulus (EX) of material number 1 as 200 GPa.
• L,1,2,3 - This command creates a line (L) from keypoint 1 to keypoint 2 to keypoint 3.
• PLANE42 - This command selects the 4-node plane element type (PLANE42) for meshing.
• SOLVE - This command initiates the solution process.
• PRNSOL,U - This command prints the nodal solution data (U) for displacements.

If you want to learn more about APDL commands and how to use them in Ansys, you can check out the following resources:

• Mechanical APDL Command Reference: This is a PDF document that explains the syntax and usage of all the APDL commands in Ansys.
• 20 APDL Commands Every ANSYS Mechanical User Should Know: This is a blog post that introduces some of the most useful and common APDL commands for Ansys Mechanical users.
• Common Commands in ANSYS APDL: This is a PDF document that summarizes some of the basic commands for selecting, defining, and manipulating entities in Ansys.

Here are some more examples of APDL commands in Ansys that you might find useful:

• /SOLU - Enters the solution processor, where you can apply loads and constraints, and solve the model.
• D - Applies displacement constraints on selected nodes. For example, D,ALL,UX,0 applies a zero displacement in the X-direction on all nodes.
• F - Applies force loads on selected nodes. For example, F,ALL,FZ,-100 applies a downward force of 100 N on all nodes in the Z-direction.
• SF - Applies surface loads on selected elements. For example, SF,ALL,PRES,1E5 applies a pressure of 1E5 Pa on all elements.
• SOLVE - Initiates the solution process and writes the results to the database.
• /POST1 - Enters the general postprocessor, where you can review and manipulate the results of the solution.
• PLNSOL - Plots a contour of a nodal or element solution item. For example, PLNSOL,U,SUM plots the total displacement of the nodes.
• PRNSOL - Prints the nodal or element solution data to a file or the screen. For example, PRNSOL,S,X prints the stress in the X-direction of the elements.
• /POST26 - Enters the time-history postprocessor, where you can review and manipulate the results of a transient or harmonic analysis.
• PLTIME - Plots a graph of a variable versus time or frequency. For example, PLTIME,UZ,2 plots the displacement in the Z-direction of node 2 versus time or frequency.
• PRNLD - Prints the load step data to a file or the screen. For example, PRNLD,FREQ prints the frequency values for each load step.

You can find more information and examples of APDL commands in Ansys in the following resources:

• Mechanical APDL Command Reference: This is a PDF document that explains the syntax and usage of all the APDL commands in Ansys.
• Common Commands in ANSYS APDL: This is a PDF document that summarizes some of the basic commands for selecting, defining, and manipulating entities in Ansys.
• A (Very) Brief Primer on MAPDL Command Objects for Postprocessing: This is a PDF document that introduces some of the commands for postprocessing results using APDL command objects in Ansys Workbench.
• Examples of using the APDL command in Ansys Workbench: This is a web page that shows some examples of how to use APDL commands in Ansys Workbench for different types of analyses.

What is heat flux and what is its influence in numerical analyzes in CFD Ansys software

What are SMART and GPAD functionality in Ansys Mechanical and examples to use

Fatique analysis in Ansys Mechanical (with models description)

How to improve (reduce) skewness factor in Ansys Mechanical and CFD

What is heat flux and what is its influence in numerical analyzes in CFD Ansys software

 Heat flux is a measure of the rate of heat transfer per unit area. It has the units of watts per square meter (W/m^2). There are three modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction is the transfer of heat within a solid or between solids in contact. Convection is the transfer of heat between a solid surface and a moving fluid. Radiation is the transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves, which can occur in a vacuum.

To perform a heat transfer analysis in Ansys, you need to use Ansys Mechanical, which is a finite element analysis software that can solve various types of problems, including thermal problems. You can use Ansys Mechanical to perform steady-state or transient heat transfer analyses, depending on whether the thermal loads are constant or vary over time. You can also apply different types of boundary conditions, such as temperature, heat flux, heat generation, convection, and radiation.

To learn more about heat transfer and how to use Ansys Mechanical for thermal analysis, you can check out the following resources:

• Introduction to Heat Transfer: This is a PDF document that explains the basic concepts and equations of heat transfer, including Fourier’s law, convection coefficient, and Stefan-Boltzmann law.
• How to Perform a Heat Transfer Analysis — Lesson 1: This is a video tutorial that shows you how to set up and run a steady-state thermal analysis in Ansys Mechanical using a simple example.
• Ansys Mechanical Heat Transfer: This is a training course that covers the topics and features of Ansys Mechanical related to heat transfer analysis, such as thermal contact, thermal stress, thermal fatigue, and coupled-field analysis.

The influence of heat flux in numerical analyses in CFD Ansys programs depends on the type and mode of heat transfer that is being modeled. Heat flux is a measure of the rate of heat transfer per unit area, and it can affect the temperature distribution, fluid flow, and thermal stress in a system.

There are three modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction is the transfer of heat within a solid or between solids in contact. Convection is the transfer of heat between a solid surface and a moving fluid. Radiation is the transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves, which can occur in a vacuum.

In Ansys Fluent, you can model different types of heat transfer problems using various methods and boundary conditions. For example, you can use the following methods to model heat flux:

• Surface heat flux: You can specify a constant or variable heat flux on a surface as a boundary condition. This can be used to model external heat sources or sinks, such as heaters, coolers, or solar radiation.
• Heat generation: You can specify a volumetric heat source or sink within a solid or fluid domain as a source term. This can be used to model internal heat sources or sinks, such as chemical reactions, electrical currents, or nuclear fission.
• Convection: You can specify a convective heat transfer coefficient and a reference temperature on a surface as a boundary condition. This can be used to model heat transfer between a solid surface and a fluid with known properties, such as air or water.
• Radiation: You can use various radiation models to account for the effects of thermal radiation on the system. This can be used to model heat transfer between surfaces or between surfaces and the environment by electromagnetic waves.

The influence of heat flux on the numerical results depends on the magnitude, direction, and distribution of the heat flux, as well as the material properties, geometry, and boundary conditions of the system. For example, a higher heat flux can result in higher temperatures, faster fluid velocities, and larger thermal stresses in the system. A directional heat flux can create temperature gradients and induce natural convection in the system. A non-uniform heat flux can cause local hot spots or cold spots in the system.

To perform a reliable and accurate CFD analysis of heat transfer problems in Ansys Fluent, you need to choose an appropriate mesh size, time step, solver settings, convergence criteria, and validation methods. You also need to verify and validate your results with experimental data or analytical solutions.

If you want to learn more about how to use Ansys Fluent for CFD analysis of heat transfer problems, you can check out the following resources:

• Ansys Fluent Theory Guide: This is a PDF document that explains the theoretical background and mathematical formulations of various models and methods used in Ansys Fluent.
• Ansys Fluent User’s Guide: This is a PDF document that provides detailed instructions on how to use Ansys Fluent for various types of problems and applications.
• Ansys Fluent Tutorials: These are video tutorials that demonstrate how to set up and solve different types of CFD problems using Ansys Fluent.

I hope this information was helpful for you. If you have any other questions or requests, please let me know. 😊

What are SMART and GPAD functionality in Ansys Mechanical and examples to use

Fatique analysis in Ansys Mechanical (with models description)

How to improve (reduce) skewness factor in Ansys Mechanical and CFD

Cooling process of the gear on Transient Thermal (Ansys Workbench)

What are SMART and GPAD functionality in Ansys Mechanical and examples to use

 I'm glad you are interested in using the SMART function in Ansys Mechanical. The SMART function is a feature that allows you to simulate the crack growth in engineering structures under fatigue or static loading conditions. SMART stands for **S**tress-intensity factor based **M**esh **A**daptive **R**e-meshing **T**echnique¹. 

Some examples of using the SMART function in Ansys Mechanical are:

- [A video tutorial](^1^) that demonstrates how to use the SMART function to simulate Mode I dominant fatigue or static crack growth in a pump housing. The video shows how to set up the initial crack geometry and mesh, the boundary conditions and loads, and the crack growth parameters and criteria. The video also shows how to view the results of the crack growth simulation, such as the stress intensity factors, the crack front shape, and the crack opening displacement.

- [A white paper](^2^) that explains the benefits and features of the SMART function, such as the Unstructured Mesh Method (UMM) that reduces the preprocessing time by using an automatically generated all-tetrahedral mesh for crack fronts. The white paper also provides some case studies of using the SMART function for different applications, such as a surface crack in a pressure vessel, a through-thickness crack in a pipe elbow, and a corner crack in a plate.

- [A lecture note](^3^) that introduces the basics of using Ansys Workbench and Ansys Mechanical for structural and thermal analyses. The lecture note covers topics such as the user interface, the geometry import and creation, the meshing process, the material properties, the boundary conditions and loads, the solution settings and controls, and the post-processing tools. The lecture note also includes some exercises and examples of using Ansys Mechanical for different types of analyses, such as static structural, modal, harmonic response, transient dynamic, thermal, and thermal-stress.

Source: 

(1) ANSYS Mechanical: Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis using SMART ... - YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8fy0hmTITEQ.

(2) ANSYS Mechanical: Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis using SMART ... - YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8fy0hmTITEQ.

(3) Ansys SMART Crack Growth & Fracture Modeling White Paper | Ansys. https://www.ansys.com/resource-center/white-paper/smart-fracture.

(4) Lecture 1 Introduction to ANSYS Workbench - Rice University. https://www.clear.rice.edu/mech517/WB16/lectures_trainee/Mechanical_Intro_16.0_L01_Intro.pdf.

Examples to use SMART function 

- [A video tutorial](^1^) that demonstrates how to use the SMART function to simulate Mode I dominant fatigue or static crack growth in a pump housing. The video shows how to set up the initial crack geometry and mesh, the boundary conditions and loads, and the crack growth parameters and criteria. The video also shows how to view the results of the crack growth simulation, such as the stress intensity factors, the crack front shape, and the crack opening displacement.

- [A white paper](^2^) that explains the benefits and features of the SMART function, such as the Unstructured Mesh Method (UMM) that reduces the preprocessing time by using an automatically generated all-tetrahedral mesh for crack fronts. The white paper also provides some case studies of using the SMART function for different applications, such as a surface crack in a pressure vessel, a through-thickness crack in a pipe elbow, and a corner crack in a plate.

- [A lecture note](^3^) that introduces the basics of using Ansys Workbench and Ansys Mechanical for structural and thermal analyses. The lecture note covers topics such as the user interface, the geometry import and creation, the meshing process, the material properties, the boundary conditions and loads, the solution settings and controls, and the post-processing tools. The lecture note also includes some exercises and examples of using Ansys Mechanical for different types of analyses, such as static structural, modal, harmonic response, transient dynamic, thermal, and thermal-stress.

I hope these examples help you to learn more about using the SMART function in Ansys Mechanical. If you have any questions or feedback, please let me know. 😊

Source:

(1) ANSYS Mechanical: Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis using SMART ... - YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8fy0hmTITEQ.

(2) ANSYS Mechanical: Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis using SMART ... - YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8fy0hmTITEQ.

(3) Ansys SMART Crack Growth & Fracture Modeling White Paper | Ansys. https://www.ansys.com/resource-center/white-paper/smart-fracture.

(4) Lecture 1 Introduction to ANSYS Workbench - Rice University. https://www.clear.rice.edu/mech517/WB16/lectures_trainee/Mechanical_Intro_16.0_L01_Intro.pdf.

GPAD function 

The GPAD function is a feature in Ansys Mechanical that allows you to perform adaptive meshing based on the geometry of the model. GPAD stands for **G**eometry-**P**reserving **A**daptive **D**iscretization³. The GPAD function enables you to start a simulation with a coarser mesh, and, as the model is solved, the solver monitors quantities like variation of stress in regions and automatically refines the mesh³. The mesh refinement is based on the underlying CAD geometry, not the initial coarse mesh. This means that the mesh refinement works closer to the true shape of the model².

The GPAD function can improve the accuracy and efficiency of structural mechanics simulations, especially in cases where the detailed geometry of the system plays a critical role in determining its physical behavior². For example, the GPAD function can be useful for simulating crack growth, extrusion, hyper-elasticity, and other nonlinear phenomena¹.

To use the GPAD function in Ansys Mechanical, you need to activate the Nonlinear Adaptive Region option in the Solution branch of the Outline tree. You can also specify the parameters for the adaptive meshing, such as the maximum number of remeshing cycles, the remeshing criterion, and the remeshing method¹.

You can find more information and examples about using the GPAD function in Ansys Mechanical in these videos¹⁴ and this white paper². I hope this answers your question. 😊

Source:

(1) Top 5 Features in Ansys Mechanical 2023 R1. https://www.ansys.com/blog/mechanical-2023-r1.

(2) Adaptive Meshing Preserves Geometry in Ansys Mechanical Release. https://simutechgroup.com/adaptive-meshing-preserves-geometry-in-ansys-mechanical-release/.

(3) How to Use Non-Linear Adaptive Meshing in Ansys Mechanical. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T90iGxHkmvQ.

(4)  https://go.edrmedeso.com/edrmedeso-tr.

(5)  https://www.linkedin.com/company/edr&.

(6) https://www.facebook.com/edrmedeso.

(7)https://twitter.com/EDRMedeso.

(8)  https://digitallabs.edrmedeso.com/new.

Some examples of using the GPAD function in Ansys Mechanical are:

- [A blog post](^1^) that lists the top 5 features in Ansys Mechanical 2023 R1, including the GPAD function. The blog post explains the benefits and features of the GPAD function, such as improved accuracy and efficiency, reduced preprocessing time, and automatic remeshing. The blog post also shows a screenshot of how to activate the GPAD function in the Solution branch of the Outline tree.

- [A video tutorial] that demonstrates how to use the GPAD function to simulate a crack growth problem in a pressure vessel. The video shows how to set up the initial crack geometry and mesh, the boundary conditions and loads, and the crack growth parameters and criteria. The video also shows how to view the results of the crack growth simulation, such as the stress intensity factors, the crack front shape, and the crack opening displacement.

- [A white paper](^2^) that explains the technical details of the GPAD function, such as the Unstructured Mesh Method (UMM) that reduces the preprocessing time by using an automatically generated all-tetrahedral mesh for crack fronts. The white paper also provides some case studies of using the GPAD function for different applications, such as a surface crack in a pressure vessel, a through-thickness crack in a pipe elbow, and a corner crack in a plate.

I hope these examples help you to learn more about using the GPAD function in Ansys Mechanical. If you have any questions or feedback, please let me know. 😊

Source: 

(3) Top 5 Features in Ansys Mechanical 2023 R1. https://www.ansys.com/blog/mechanical-2023-r1.

(4) Adaptive Meshing Preserves Geometry in Ansys Mechanical Release .... https://simutechgroup.com/adaptive-meshing-preserves-geometry-in-ansys-mechanical-release/.

Fatique analysis in Ansys Mechanical (with models description)

How to improve (reduce) skewness factor in Ansys Mechanical and CFD

Cooling process of the gear on Transient Thermal (Ansys Workbench)

What is Ansys Speos and how to use