💥💥💥 New year - new challenges - "OpenFoam project" - part 1 (installation)

 There are different ways to install OpenFoam on Windows, depending on your preferences and needs. One option is to use the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL), which allows you to run Linux applications on Windows 10. Another option is to use a virtual machine (VM), such as VirtualBox, which creates a separate Linux environment on your Windows system. Here are some brief steps for each option:

• 
  WSL: You need to activate WSL and install the Ubuntu distribution from the Microsoft Store. Then, you can download the OpenFoam package for Ubuntu and install it using the commands provided in the OpenFOAM website. You also need to install some additional dependencies and configure your bash shell to run OpenFOAM. To enable graphical applications, such as ParaView, you need to install an X server software, such as VcXsrv¹²³.
• VM: You need to download and install VirtualBox, and then create a new virtual machine with Ubuntu as the operating system. Then, you can follow the same steps as for WSL to install OpenFOAM on Ubuntu. Alternatively, you can download a pre-configured VM image with OpenFOAM from the OpenFOAM website and import it into VirtualBox⁴⁵.

Is threre possibilty to install OpenFoam directly on Windows ?

No, there is no possibility to install OpenFoam directly on Windows, as OpenFoam is a Linux-based software that requires a Linux environment to run. However, as I mentioned before, you can use WSL or VM to create a Linux environment on your Windows system and install OpenFoam there. These methods are well-documented and supported by the OpenFoam community¹²³. 

How to install OpenFoam on Windows by the WSL method?

To install OpenFoam on Windows by the WSL method, you need to follow these steps:

• Activate Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) and install the Ubuntu distribution from the Microsoft Store¹.
• Launch the Ubuntu distribution through WSL and download the OpenFoam package for Ubuntu using the commands provided in the OpenFOAM website.
• Install some additional dependencies and configure your bash shell to run OpenFOAM¹.
• Install an X server software, such as VcXsrv, to enable graphical applications, such as ParaView¹²³.

What is the difference between WSL and VM?

WSL and VM are two different ways to run Linux applications on Windows. WSL stands for Windows Subsystem for Linux, and VM stands for Virtual Machine. Here are some of the main differences between them:

• WSL uses the Windows kernel to implement Linux system calls, while VM uses a separate Linux kernel running on a hypervisor¹².
• WSL has better performance and integration with Windows, while VM has better compatibility and isolation with Linux¹².
• WSL is more lightweight and easy to set up, while VM is more flexible and customizable¹²³.
• WSL supports only command-line applications, while VM supports both command-line and graphical applications¹²⁴.

What are the advantages of using WSL over VM?

Some of the advantages of using WSL over VM are:

• WSL is more lightweight and easy to set up than VM, as it does not require allocating resources from the host machine or installing heavy ISO files¹².
• WSL has better performance and integration with Windows than VM, as it uses the Windows kernel to implement Linux system calls instead of a separate Linux kernel running on a hypervisor³⁴.
• WSL is faster to launch and more convenient to use than VM, as it does not need to boot a full Linux system or switch between different machines⁴².
• WSL supports most of the Linux command-line tools, languages, and compilers that developers need, while VM supports both command-line and graphical applications³⁴.

What are the advantages of using VM over WSL?

Some of the advantages of using VM over WSL are:

• VM is more compatible and isolated with Linux than WSL, as it uses a separate Linux kernel running on a hypervisor instead of the Windows kernel to implement Linux system calls¹².
• VM is more flexible and customizable than WSL, as it allows you to configure virtual devices, allocate resources, and install different operating systems on the same machine²³⁴.
• VM supports both command-line and graphical applications, while WSL supports only command-line applications (although Microsoft promises support for GUI apps in WSL in the future)¹²⁵.
• VM gives you a more authentic Linux experience than WSL, as it runs a full Linux system with all the processes and features that Linux has to offer²⁵.

🎅 🎅 🎅 What are the main differences between Ansys Fluent and CFX ?

Ansys Fluent and CFX are both powerful computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solvers, but they have some differences in their features, capabilities, and applications. Here are some of the main differences between them:

- Fluent uses a cell-centered approach while CFX uses a vertex-centered approach. This means that Fluent can handle more complex mesh topologies, such as polyhedral and cutcell meshes, while CFX is limited to tetrahedral and hexahedral meshes¹².

- Fluent has post-processing capabilities of its own while CFX needs a dedicated post-processor, such as CFD-Post¹². Fluent also has more options for mesh adaption and simulation acceleration with a GPU².

- CFX has a built-in expression language (CEL) that allows users to define algebraic equations and monitor them during the run¹². Fluent requires user-defined functions (UDFs) for customization, which can be more challenging for beginners¹.

- CFX is more suitable for turbomachinery applications, as it has specialized features for rotating machinery, such as frozen rotor and transient blade row models²³. Fluent is more preferred for high Mach number flows, such as supersonic and hypersonic flows².

Source: 

(1) What are the differences between CFX and Fluent? - Ansys Learning Forum. https://forum.ansys.com/forums/topic/what-are-the-differences-between-cfx-and-fluent/.

(2) Compare Ansys CFX vs. Ansys Fluent | G2. https://www.g2.com/compare/ansys-cfx-vs-ansys-fluent.

(3) Reply To: What are the differences between CFX and Fluent?. https://forum.ansys.com/forums/reply/58903/.

(4) What are the differences between CFX and Fluent? - Ansys Learning Forum. https://forum.ansys.com/forums/topic/what-are-the-differences-between-cfx-and-fluent/.

(5) Compare Ansys CFX vs. Ansys Fluent | G2. https://www.g2.com/compare/ansys-cfx-vs-ansys-fluent.

(6) Reply To: What are the differences between CFX and Fluent?. https://forum.ansys.com/forums/reply/58903/.

(7) Getty Images. https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/in-this-photo-illustration-the-ansys-logo-seen-displayed-on-news-photo/1212478964. 

Which one is more popular in industry?

That's a good question, but it's not easy to answer. The popularity of Ansys Fluent and CFX may depend on the industry, the region, the application, and the preference of the users. According to some sources, Fluent is more widely used than CFX in general, especially in the aerospace, automotive, and chemical industries¹². However, CFX has a strong presence in the power generation and turbomachinery sectors¹³. Ultimately, both solvers have their strengths and weaknesses, and the best choice may depend on the specific problem and the user's experience.

Source: 

(1) What are the differences between CFX and Fluent? - Ansys Learning Forum. https://forum.ansys.com/forums/topic/what-are-the-differences-between-cfx-and-fluent/.

(2) Ansys CFX or Ansys Fluent : r/CFD - Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/CFD/comments/yp3vf0/ansys_cfx_or_ansys_fluent/.

(3) Compare Ansys CFX vs. Ansys Fluent | G2. https://www.g2.com/compare/ansys-cfx-vs-ansys-fluent.

Which one  is more accurate on Conjugate Heat Transfer analysis? Ansys Fluent or CFX?

Conjugate heat transfer (CHT) analysis is a type of simulation that models the heat transfer within and between fluids and solids¹. The accuracy of CHT analysis depends on many factors, such as the mesh quality, the boundary conditions, the solver settings, and the physical models²³. Therefore, it is not possible to say which solver, Ansys Fluent or CFX, is more accurate in general, as the results may vary depending on the specific problem and the user's expertise.

However, some studies have compared the performance of Fluent and CFX for different CHT applications, such as liquid-cooled IGBT assemblies⁴, heat exchangers⁵, and turbomachinery. These studies have shown that both solvers can produce similar results, but they may have different advantages and disadvantages in terms of computational efficiency, convergence behavior, and ease of use. For example, Fluent may have more options for mesh adaption and acceleration with a GPU², while CFX may have more features for rotating machinery and expression language³.

Therefore, the best way to determine which solver is more accurate for your CHT analysis is to try both of them and compare the results with experimental data or analytical solutions, if available. You can also consult the Ansys documentation and forums for more guidance and tips on how to use Fluent and CFX for CHT analysis. 😊

Source:

(1) How does the "Loosely Coupled Conjugate Heat Transfer" function work .... https://forum.ansys.com/forums/topic/how-does-the-loosely-coupled-conjugate-heat-transfer-function-work/.

(2) THERMAL ANALYSIS/CONJUGATE HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS IN ANSYS CFX THERMAL .... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jx39uFHtHbs.

(3) CHT analysis using Fluent Solver | Ansys Courses. https://courses.ansys.com/index.php/courses/conjugate-heat-transfer/lessons/cht-analysis-of-liquid-cooled-igbt-assembly/topic/part-3-using-fluent-solver/.

(4) CHT Analysis in Ansys Discovery | Ansys Courses. https://courses.ansys.com/index.php/courses/conjugate-heat-transfer/.

(5) Ansys Fluent Heat Transfer Modeling | Ansys Training. https://www.ansys.com/training-center/course-catalog/fluids/ansys-fluent-heat-transfer-modeling.

(6) CHT Analysis in Ansys Discovery | Ansys Courses. https://courses.ansys.com/index.php/courses/conjugate-heat-transfer/.

(7) Ansys Fluent Heat Transfer Modeling | Ansys Training. https://www.ansys.com/training-center/course-catalog/fluids/ansys-fluent-heat-transfer-modeling.

(8) CHT analysis using Fluent Solver | Ansys Courses. https://courses.ansys.com/index.php/courses/conjugate-heat-transfer/lessons/cht-analysis-of-liquid-cooled-igbt-assembly/topic/part-3-using-fluent-solver/.

(9) CHT analysis using Fluent Solver | Ansys Courses. https://courses.ansys.com/index.php/courses/conjugate-heat-transfer/lessons/cht-analysis-of-liquid-cooled-igbt-assembly/topic/part-3-using-fluent-solver/.

What is the difference between Fluent and Star-CCM+?

Fluent and Star-CCM+ are both commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software packages developed by Ansys and Siemens, respectively. They have some similarities and differences in their features, capabilities, and applications. Here are some of the main differences between them:

- Fluent uses a cell-centered finite volume method while Star-CCM+ uses a vertex-centered finite volume method. This means that Fluent can handle more complex mesh topologies, such as polyhedral and cutcell meshes, while Star-CCM+ is limited to tetrahedral and hexahedral meshes¹².

- Fluent has its own post-processing capabilities while Star-CCM+ requires a separate post-processor, such as CFD-Post or FieldView¹². Fluent also has more options for mesh adaption and simulation acceleration with a GPU².

- Star-CCM+ has a built-in expression language (CEL) that allows users to define algebraic equations and monitor them during the run¹². Fluent requires user-defined functions (UDFs) for customization, which can be more challenging for beginners¹.

- Star-CCM+ is more suitable for turbomachinery applications, as it has specialized features for rotating machinery, such as frozen rotor and transient blade row models²³. Fluent is more preferred for high Mach number flows, such as supersonic and hypersonic flows².

Source: 

(1) Siemens STAR CCM+ Vs. ANSYS Fluent | Resolved Analytics. https://www.resolvedanalytics.com/theflux/comparing-cfd-software-part-4-comprehensive-cfd-software-packages.

(2) Fluent vs Star CCM vs Openfoam -- CFD Online Discussion Forums. https://www.cfd-online.com/Forums/ansys/213810-fluent-vs-star-ccm-vs-openfoam.html.

(3) Compare Ansys Fluent vs. Simcenter STAR-CCM+ | G2. https://www.g2.com/compare/ansys-fluent-vs-simcenter-star-ccm.

(4) Siemens STAR CCM+ Vs. ANSYS Fluent | Resolved Analytics. https://www.resolvedanalytics.com/theflux/comparing-cfd-software-part-4-comprehensive-cfd-software-packages.

(5) Fluent vs Star CCM vs Openfoam -- CFD Online Discussion Forums. https://www.cfd-online.com/Forums/ansys/213810-fluent-vs-star-ccm-vs-openfoam.html.

(6) Comparison of STAR-CCM+ and ANSYS Fluent for Simulating Indoor Airflows. https://engineering.purdue.edu/~yanchen/paper/2018-1.pdf.

💥💥💥 Which turbulence model will be appropriate for cfd analyzes with the MRF or Sliding Mesh model (Ansys Fluent)?

  Turbulence modeling is an important aspect of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, as it affects the accuracy and efficiency of the results. There are different types of turbulence models available in Ansys Fluent, each with its own advantages and limitations. The choice of the best model depends on several factors, such as the flow characteristics, the computational resources, and the desired level of detail.

One of the most widely used turbulence models in Ansys Fluent is the Spalart-Allmaras model, which is based on a two-equation approach that solves for both the momentum and energy transfer rates in turbulent flows. This model can capture a wide range of turbulent structures and scales, but it also requires a large amount of computational time and memory. The Spalart-Allmaras model can be further divided into several submodels, such as k-ε RNG, k-ε Realizable k-ε Standard k-ω SST, Reynolds Stress Model Detached Eddy Simulation Large Eddy Simulation¹.

Another popular turbulence model in Ansys Fluent is the k-ω SST model, which is based on a one-equation approach that solves for only the energy transfer rate in turbulent flows. This model can reduce the computational cost significantly compared to the Spalart-Allmaras model, but it also has some limitations. For example, it cannot handle shocks or compressible flows very well. The k-ω SST model can be further divided into several submodels, such as k-ω SST 2D/3D².

A more advanced turbulence model in Ansys Fluent is the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method, which is based on a spatially averaged approach that resolves only the large eddies in turbulent flows. This method can provide more accurate results than RANS models for complex industrial flows that exhibit high levels of turbulence and nonlinearity. However, LES also requires more computational resources and efforts than RANS models³.

For your specific case of using an MRF (rotating fan) model in Ansys Fluent, you may want to consider using either the Spalart-Allmaras or the LES method depending on your objectives and constraints. If you want to achieve a high level of detail and accuracy for your fan flow simulation, you may opt for using LES with appropriate mesh resolution and boundary conditions. If you want to achieve a faster and more economical simulation for your fan flow analysis, you may opt for using Spalart-Allmaras with appropriate submodel selection and parameterization.

What is the difference between RANS and LES?

The difference between RANS and LES is mainly in how they handle the turbulence in the fluid flow. RANS stands for Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes, which is a method that solves the Navier-Stokes equations for the fluid motion and then averages them over a time period to obtain the mean values of the velocity and pressure fields. LES stands for Large Eddy Simulation, which is a method that solves only the large eddies in the turbulent flow and then uses them to model the small-scale structures. Both methods are based on solving the Navier-Stokes equations, but they have different advantages and disadvantages.

RANS is simpler and faster than LES, as it does not require a detailed model of the small-scale structures. However, RANS also has some limitations, such as:

• It cannot capture the transient effects of turbulence, such as shocks or recirculation.
• It cannot resolve all scales of turbulence, especially near walls or boundaries.
• It requires a large amount of computational resources and time to achieve a high level of accuracy.

LES is more accurate and realistic than RANS, as it can resolve all scales of turbulence and capture the transient effects. However, LES also has some challenges, such as:

• It requires a very fine mesh resolution to resolve all scales of turbulence.
• It requires a lot of computational resources and time to solve all scales of turbulence.
• It may introduce numerical errors or instabilities due to numerical diffusion or dissipation.

Therefore, choosing between RANS and LES depends on several factors, such as:

• The type and complexity of the flow
• The desired level of detail and accuracy
• The available computational resources and time
• The trade-off between speed and quality

What is the difference between k-ε and k-ω models?

The k-ε and k-ω models are two different types of turbulence models that are used in Ansys Fluent to simulate turbulent flows. They have different assumptions and methods for solving the energy transfer rate in the flow, which affects the accuracy and efficiency of the results. Here are some of the main differences between them:

• The k-ε model is based on a two-equation approach that solves for both the momentum and energy transfer rates in turbulent flows. This model can capture a wide range of turbulent structures and scales, but it also requires a large amount of computational time and memory¹.
• The k-ω model is based on a one-equation approach that solves for only the energy transfer rate in turbulent flows. This model can reduce the computational cost significantly compared to the k-ε model, but it also has some limitations. For example, it cannot handle shocks or compressible flows very well¹.
• The k-ε model can be further divided into several submodels, such as k-ε RNG, k-ε Realizable k-ε Standard k-ω SST, Reynolds Stress Model Detached Eddy Simulation Large Eddy Simulation¹. Each submodel has its own advantages and disadvantages depending on the flow characteristics.
• The k-ω model can be further divided into several submodels, such as k-ω SST 2D/3D². Each submodel has its own advantages and disadvantages depending on the flow characteristics.
• The k-ε model poorly resolves the viscous layer unlike the k-ω model. Furthermore, the k-ω model is good in resolving internal flows, separated flows and jets and flows with high-pressure gradient and also internal flows through curved geometries³.

Therefore, choosing between the k-ε and k-ω models depends on several factors, such as:

• The type and complexity of the flow
• The desired level of detail and accuracy
• The available computational resources and time
• The trade-off between speed and quality

💥💥💥 What parameters I should control to prepare good quality mesh?

 Preparing a good quality mesh is an important step for any computational fluid dynamics (CFD) or finite element analysis (FEA) simulation. A good quality mesh can improve the accuracy, stability, and efficiency of the simulation results. There are several parameters that you should control to prepare a good quality mesh, such as:

- **Cell size**: The cell size is the length of the smallest element in the mesh. A smaller cell size can capture more details of the geometry, but it also increases the computational cost and may cause numerical errors. A larger cell size can reduce the computational cost and avoid errors, but it may also introduce gaps or overlaps between elements that affect the accuracy. Therefore, you should choose an optimal cell size that balances these factors. A common rule of thumb is to use a cell size smaller than half of the gap dimension³.

- **Aspect ratio**: The aspect ratio is the ratio of a cell's longest edge to its shortest edge. A higher aspect ratio means that the cell is more elongated and has less surface area. A lower aspect ratio means that the cell is more square and has more surface area. A higher aspect ratio can improve the accuracy of some simulations, such as those involving thin features or sharp corners, but it may also cause numerical instability or divergence in others. A lower aspect ratio can improve the stability and convergence of some simulations, but it may also reduce the accuracy or introduce errors in others. Therefore, you should choose an optimal aspect ratio that suits your simulation problem and geometry.

- **Non-orthogonality**: The non-orthogonality is the angle between two adjacent cell centers and their shared faces. A higher non-orthogonality means that there is more distortion or misalignment between cells and faces. A lower non-orthogonality means that there is less distortion or misalignment between cells and faces. A higher non-orthogonality can cause numerical instability or divergence in some simulations, especially those involving complex geometries or boundary conditions. A lower non-orthogonality can improve the stability and convergence of some simulations, but it may also reduce the accuracy or introduce errors in others. Therefore, you should choose an optimal non-orthogonality level that minimizes these effects.

- **Volume ratio**: The volume ratio is the ratio of two adjacent cells' volumes. A higher volume ratio means that there is more overlap between cells and less separation between them. A lower volume ratio means that there is less overlap between cells and more separation between them. A higher volume ratio can improve the accuracy of some simulations, such as those involving thin features or sharp corners, but it may also cause numerical instability or divergence in others. A lower volume ratio can improve the stability and convergence of some simulations, but it may also reduce the accuracy or introduce errors in others. Therefore, you should choose an optimal volume ratio level that balances these factors.

These are some of the main parameters that you should control to prepare a good quality mesh for your CFD or FEA simulation. However, there are other factors that may affect your mesh quality as well, such as geometry clean-up⁵, feature removal³, duplicate face elimination³, feature edge addition³, etc., depending on your specific problem domain.

Source: 

(1) 5 Tips And Tricks For A High Quality Meshing Process - Creative Fields. https://cfmesh.com/tips-tricks-for-a-high-quality-meshing-process/.

(2) What is Meshing? |Mesh Generation Overview | Cadence. https://www.cadence.com/en_US/home/explore/what-is-meshing.html.

(3) 5 Tips on How to Create a High-Quality Mesh - SimScale. https://www.simscale.com/blog/tips-high-quality-mesh/.

(4) Mesh Quality | Mesh Visualization Tips | SimScale. https://www.simscale.com/docs/simulation-setup/meshing/mesh-quality/.

(5) Guidelines for good mesh quality - FLOW-3D. https://www.flow3d.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/simulation-pre-check.pdf.

(6) What is Meshing? |Mesh Generation Overview | Cadence. https://www.cadence.com/en_US/home/explore/what-is-meshing.html.

Can you recommend a good open-source software for meshing?

Sure, I can recommend some good open-source software for meshing. Meshing is the process of creating a discrete representation of a geometry or domain for computational simulations, such as CFD or FEA. There are many factors that affect the quality and performance of a mesh, such as cell size, aspect ratio, non-orthogonality, volume ratio, etc. Therefore, choosing a suitable meshing software depends on your specific problem domain, geometry, and simulation requirements.

Some of the most popular and widely used open-source meshing software are:

- **MeshLab**¹: MeshLab is a system for processing and editing 3D triangular meshes. It provides a set of tools for editing, cleaning, healing, inspecting, rendering, texturing and converting meshes. It also offers features for processing raw data produced by 3D digitization tools/devices and for preparing models for 3D printing.

- **Gmsh**²: Gmsh is a 3D finite element mesh generator with a built-in CAD engine and post-processor. It allows you to create parametric models and meshes using a graphical or a command-line interface. It supports various meshing algorithms, such as Delaunay, Voronoi, structured, unstructured, hybrid, etc.

- **Salome**³: Salome is a platform for numerical simulation that integrates various components for geometry modeling, mesh generation, data visualization, and post-processing. It supports various meshing formats, such as CGNS, MED, UNV, etc. It is also python scriptable and contains some gmsh meshing algorithms.

- **MeshKit**⁴: MeshKit is a library for mesh generation that provides a collection of meshing algorithms and tools for various applications, such as reactor geometry, boundary layer, mesh sealing, mesh conversion, etc. It also supports various meshing formats, such as Exodus II, MOAB, etc.

These are some of the best open-source meshing software that I can recommend for you. However, there are other alternatives that you can explore as well, such as snappyHexMesh⁵, TetGen⁶, OpenFOAM⁷, etc. You can also check out some online resources for more information and comparison of different meshing software, such as [Meshing Tools for Open Source CFD: A Practical Point of View](^4^), [Any recommendations for an open-source meshing software please?](^2^), [Meshing Techniques and Tips], etc.

Source: 

(1) MeshLab. https://www.meshlab.net/.

(2) Any recommendations for an opensource meshing software please?. https://www.reddit.com/r/CFD/comments/lo7c98/any_recommendations_for_an_opensource_meshing/.

(3) meshmixer Alternatives: 25+ 3D Modelers & Similar Apps | AlternativeTo. https://alternativeto.net/software/meshmixer/.

(4) Meshing Tools for Open Source CFD: A Practical Point of View. https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/meshing-tools-for-open-source-cfd-a-practical-point-of-view.

(5) MeshKit | SIGMA - Argonne National Laboratory. https://sigma.mcs.anl.gov/meshkit-library/.

(6) https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_the_best_meshing_code_open_source_to_use_with_OpenFoam.

(7)  https://www.salome-platform.org/user-section/about/mesh.

(8) Meshing Tools for Open Source CFD: A Practical Point of View. https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/meshing-tools-for-open-source-cfd-a-practical-point-of-view.

(9) Any recommendations for an opensource meshing software please?. https://www.reddit.com/r/CFD/comments/lo7c98/any_recommendations_for_an_opensource_meshing/.

(10) en.wikipedia.org. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeshLab.

Can you recommend a good open-source software for CFD simulation?

Sure, I can recommend some good open-source software for CFD simulation. CFD stands for computational fluid dynamics, which is a branch of engineering and physics that uses numerical methods to analyze and solve problems involving fluid flows¹. CFD simulation can be used for various applications, such as aerodynamics, heat transfer, combustion, multiphase flows, etc.

Some of the most popular and widely used open-source CFD software are:

- **OpenFOAM**²: OpenFOAM is a free, open source software for CFD that is distributed under the General Public Licence (GPL). It is based on the finite volume method and supports various types of meshes, solvers, and models. It also has a built-in CAD engine and post-processor. OpenFOAM is suitable for complex and large-scale CFD problems and has a large and active user community.

- **SU2**³: SU2 is a free, open source software for CFD and other physics-based simulations that is distributed under the Lesser GPL (LGPL). It is based on the finite element method and supports various types of meshes, solvers, and models. It also has a Python interface and a graphical user interface. SU2 is mainly focused on aerodynamics and aerospace engineering applications and has a strong academic background.

- **Code_Saturne**⁴: Code_Saturne is a free, open source software for CFD that is distributed under the GNU GPL. It is based on the finite volume method and supports various types of meshes, solvers, and models. It also has a graphical user interface and a Python interface. Code_Saturne is developed by EDF, a French electric utility company, and is mainly used for industrial and environmental CFD problems.

These are some of the best open-source CFD software that I can recommend for you. However, there are other alternatives that you can explore as well, such as FEniCS, Nektar++, PyFR, etc. You can also check out some online resources for more information and comparison of different CFD software, such as [Open-Source CFD Software Packages: Good Enough and Free](^2^), [Simulation of Thermofluids with Open Source Tools](^3^), [CFD Software Comparison Series], etc.

Source: 

(1) OpenFOAM | Free CFD Software | The OpenFOAM Foundation. https://openfoam.org/.

(2) Open-Source CFD Software Packages: Good Enough and Free. https://www.digitalengineering247.com/article/open-source-cfd-software-packages-good-enough-and-free.

(3) Simulation of Thermofluids with Open Source Tools. https://www.epc.ed.tum.de/en/tfd/lehre/simulation-of-thermofluids-with-open-source-tools/.

(4) FEATool Multiphysics - Physics Simulation Made Easy. https://www.featool.com/.

(5) Open-Source CFD Software Packages: Good Enough and Free. https://www.digitalengineering247.com/article/open-source-cfd-software-packages-good-enough-and-free.

(6) Simulation of Thermofluids with Open Source Tools. https://www.epc.ed.tum.de/en/tfd/lehre/simulation-of-thermofluids-with-open-source-tools/.

Which of these open source cfd software are most user friendly GUI ?

User-friendliness is a subjective criterion that may vary depending on the user's preferences, needs, and expectations. However, based on some general criteria, such as ease of installation, operation, customization, and support, I can try to give you some suggestions for the most user-friendly GUIs among the open source CFD software that I found in my web search.

One of the most popular and widely used open source CFD software is OpenFOAM², which is a free, open source software for CFD that is distributed under the General Public Licence (GPL). It is based on the finite volume method and supports various types of meshes, solvers, and models. It also has a built-in CAD engine and post-processor. OpenFOAM is suitable for complex and large-scale CFD problems and has a large and active user community.

However, OpenFOAM also has a steep learning curve and requires some technical skills to use it effectively. Therefore, some users may prefer to use a graphical user interface (GUI) that simplifies the interaction with the software using graphical elements instead of text files and command lines. This approach significantly reduces the learning curve enabling users to focus on problem-solving and analysis.

One of the GUIs that works natively with OpenFOAM is HELYX-OS³, which is an open-source GUI designed by ENGYS to work natively with the standard OpenFOAM libraries provided by the OpenFOAM Foundation and ESI-OpenCFD. The GUI is intended for academic use and entry-level CFD work, and it is delivered to the public under the GNU General Public License.

HELYX-OS offers a simple and intuitive interface that allows users to import geometry, create mesh, define boundary conditions, parameterize case, run simulation, compute results, post-process data with ParaView or other tools. It also provides features such as automatic mesh refinement or coarsening, parallel computing support, dynamic meshing options, etc.

Another GUI that works with OpenFOAM is SimFlow¹, which is a desktop CFD simulation software for Windows and Linux. SimFlow uses free open-source OpenFOAM libraries while also offering user-friendly GUI as a commercial CFD tool. With SimFlow you can import geometry create mesh define boundary conditions parameterize case run simulation compute results post-process data with ParaView.

SimFlow offers functionalities to handle various phenomena such as compressible flows turbulent flows heat transfer multiphase flows cavitation chemical reactions etc. It also supports various types of meshes solvers models CAD engine post-processor etc.

SimFlow has a free version that allows users to simulate up to 200'000 nodes with 2 processes in parallel or serial mode. It also has a commercial version that offers unlimited nodes processes parallel computing support dynamic meshing options etc.

These are some of the most user-friendly GUIs among the open source CFD software that I can recommend for you. However there are other alternatives that you can explore as well such as FEniCS SU2 PyFR etc You can also check out some online resources for more information comparison of different CFD software such as [Open-Source CFD Software Packages: Good Enough and Free](^2^) [Simulation of Thermofluids with Open Source Tools](^3^) [CFD Software Comparison Series] etc

Source:

(1) OpenFOAM | Free CFD Software | The OpenFOAM Foundation. https://openfoam.org/.

(2) HELYX-OS GUI for OpenFOAM | ENGYS. https://engys.com/products/helyx-os.

(3) CFD Simulation Software | SimFlow CFD: Free Download. https://sim-flow.com/download/cfd-simulation-software/.

(4) OpenFOAM | Free CFD Software | The OpenFOAM Foundation. https://openfoam.org/.

(5) HELYX-OS GUI for OpenFOAM | ENGYS. https://engys.com/products/helyx-os.

(6) OpenFOAM GUI - SimFlow CFD. https://sim-flow.com/openfoam-gui/.

💥💥💥 What is orthogonal quality of mesh and what is used for ?

 Orthogonal quality is a mesh metric that measures the shape and orientation of the mesh cells. It is calculated by comparing the vectors from the cell centroid to the cell centroid of each adjacent cell, and to each face. The closer these vectors are to be orthogonal (perpendicular) to each other, the higher the orthogonal quality. Orthogonal quality ranges from 0 to 1, where 0 means poor quality and 1 means excellent quality ³.

Orthogonal quality is used for various purposes, such as:

- Assessing the convergence and accuracy of numerical methods, such as finite element analysis (FEA) or computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

- Optimizing the mesh size and shape for different applications and geometries.

- Detecting and correcting errors or defects in the mesh generation process.

Orthogonal quality can be improved by using structured meshes, which have more regular and balanced cell shapes than unstructured meshes. Structured meshes can also reduce the computational cost and time of solving complex problems. Some tools that can help create structured meshes are Multizone or Sweep mesh in ANSYS².

Source:

(1) Mesh Quality | Prescient Technologies. https://www.pre-scient.com/knowledge-center/product-development-by-reverse-engineering/mesh-quality/.

(2) What Are Good Orthogonal Quality Values? - Ansys Learning Forum. https://forum.ansys.com/forums/topic/what-are-good-orthogonal-quality-values/.

(3) Orthogonal Quality in ANSYS Meshing - Illustrated Explanation - ML. https://mechanicalland.com/orthogonal-quality-in-ansys-meshing/.

(4) ANSYS Mesh Metrics Explained - FEA Tips. https://featips.com/2022/11/21/ansys-mesh-metrics-explained/.

Why orthogonal quality is important in cfd analysis ?

Orthogonal quality is important in CFD analysis because it affects the accuracy and stability of the simulation results. Orthogonal quality measures how well the mesh cells are aligned with each other and with the geometry. If the mesh cells are not orthogonal, they can cause numerical errors or instability in the solution process. Therefore, it is desirable to have a high orthogonal quality for CFD simulations.

According to some sources, a good orthogonal quality value for Fluent is above 0.1¹². However, this may vary depending on the problem being solved and the element formulation. Some factors that can influence the orthogonal quality are:

- The shape and size of the mesh cells

- The capture curvature option

- The sweepable part of the geometry

- The meshing tool used

Some tools that can help improve the orthogonal quality are Multizone or Sweep mesh in ANSYS², which can generate structured meshes with more regular and balanced cell shapes. Structured meshes can also reduce the computational cost and time of solving complex problems.

Source: 

(1) Mesh Quality | Mesh Visualization Tips | SimScale. https://www.simscale.com/docs/simulation-setup/meshing/mesh-quality/.

(2) What Are Good Orthogonal Quality Values? - Ansys Learning Forum. https://forum.ansys.com/forums/topic/what-are-good-orthogonal-quality-values/.

(3) finite element - Is mesh orthogonality important for FEM .... https://scicomp.stackexchange.com/questions/37355/is-mesh-orthogonality-important-for-fem.

(4) Determining Mesh Quality and Accuracy Parameters | System Analysis Blog .... https://resources.system-analysis.cadence.com/blog/msa2022-determining-mesh-quality-and-accuracy-parameters.

How do I calculate orthogonal quality of a mesh?

To calculate the orthogonal quality of a mesh, you need to compare the vectors from the cell centroid to the cell centroid of each adjacent cell, and to each face. The closer these vectors are to be orthogonal (perpendicular) to each other, the higher the orthogonal quality. Orthogonal quality ranges from 0 to 1, where 0 means poor quality and 1 means excellent quality ³.

There are different methods and tools that can help you calculate and improve the orthogonal quality of a mesh. For example, you can use MATLAB's meshQuality function ⁴ or ANSYS's Mesh Metrics ⁵ to evaluate the shape and orientation of the mesh cells. You can also use ANSYS's Multizone or Sweep mesh features ² to generate structured meshes with more regular and balanced cell shapes.

Source: 

(1) Mesh Quality | Prescient Technologies. https://www.pre-scient.com/knowledge-center/product-development-by-reverse-engineering/mesh-quality/.

(2) Evaluate shape quality of mesh elements - MATLAB meshQuality - MathWorks. https://www.mathworks.com/help/pde/ug/pde.femesh.meshquality.html.

(3) ANSYS Mesh Metrics Explained - FEA Tips. https://featips.com/2022/11/21/ansys-mesh-metrics-explained/.

(4) Determining Mesh Quality and Accuracy Parameters. https://resources.system-analysis.cadence.com/blog/msa2022-determining-mesh-quality-and-accuracy-parameters.

(5) Lecture 7: Mesh Quality & Advanced Topics - FEA Tips. https://featips.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Mesh-Intro_16.0_L07_Mesh_Quality_and_Advanced_Topics.pdf.

How to improve orthogonal quality of mesh on Ansys Workbench? 

Orthogonal quality of mesh on Ansys Workbench is a measure of how well the mesh cells are aligned with each other and with the geometry. A high orthogonal quality means that the mesh cells are close to perpendicular to each other and to the faces. A low orthogonal quality means that the mesh cells are skewed or distorted, which can affect the accuracy and stability of the simulation results.

There are several ways to improve the orthogonal quality of mesh on Ansys Workbench, such as:

- Using structured meshes, which have more regular and balanced cell shapes than unstructured meshes. Structured meshes can be generated by using the sweep or multizone methods in Ansys Meshing ¹².

- Using inflation layers, which create smooth transitions from the boundary layer to the core mesh. Inflation layers can be applied to the geometry or to the mesh, depending on the mesh method used ³.

- Using mesh controls, such as face sizing, edge sizing, body sizing, sphere of influence, etc. to refine or coarsen the mesh in specific regions or features. Mesh controls can help capture the curvature and details of the geometry and reduce the faceting angles ⁴.

- Using mesh quality metrics, such as skewness, aspect ratio, smoothness, etc. to evaluate and improve the shape and orientation of the mesh cells. Mesh quality metrics can be accessed from the mesh tab or the statistics tab in Ansys Meshing ⁵.

Source: 

(1) How to improve orthogonal quality in ANSYS Meshing?. https://forum.ansys.com/forums/topic/how-to-improve-orthogonal-quality-in-ansys-meshing/.

(2) Suggestions to improve mesh quality - Ansys Learning Forum. https://forum.ansys.com/forums/topic/suggestions-to-improve-mesh-quality/.

(3) Problems with mesh – elements impossible to accomplish Orthogonal Quality. https://forum.ansys.com/forums/topic/problems-with-mesh-elements-impossible-to-accomplish-orthogonal-quality/.

(4) Orthogonal Quality in ANSYS Meshing - Illustrated Explanation - ML. https://mechanicalland.com/orthogonal-quality-in-ansys-meshing/.

(5) Solver-Based Meshing: How To Maintain High-Quality Mesh - Ansys. https://www.ansys.com/blog/solver-based-meshing-how-to-maintain-high-quality-mesh.

(6) https://caeai.com/resources/tips-tricks-hex-brick-meshing-ansys-e-learning.

💥💥💥 What are capabilities in PrePoMAX ?

PrePoMAX is an open-source pre and post-processor for the Calculix FEM solver based on a modern user interface to speed up the FEM workflow¹. It allows you to import, mesh, define and visualize FEM features using the Calculix solver. It supports various CAD formats, meshing methods, feature definitions and result formats².

Some of the capabilities of PrePoMAX are:

• CAD geometry support: PrePoMAX allows you to import the geometry from a variety of exchangeable CAD formats and stereolithography .stl files used for 3D printing. The CAD support is based on the open-source Open Cascade platform¹.
• Solid and shell geometry meshing: PrePoMAX allows you to mesh a solid or a shell-based geometry using linear and parabolic finite elements. It also supports an import of the finite element mesh from a file. An open-source Netgen library performs the meshing. From version 2.0.0 the Gmsh mesher is integrated which supports hexahedral and pentahedral meshing¹.
• Geometry and mesh based feature definitions: PrePoMAX allows you to create node sets, element sets and surfaces needed for various FEM features based on geometry or finite element mesh selection¹.
• Results visualization: PrePoMAX allows you to visualize your results using 3D scalar fields or using a 2D plotting tool for the representation of history outputs¹.

If you want to learn more about PrePoMAX, you can visit their official website¹ or watch some tutorial videos². You can also download the latest versions of PrePoMAX, the sample models, the meshers and the solver from their download page³.

¹: https://prepomax.fs.um.si/ ²: https://prepomax.fs.um.si/downloads/ ³: https://polskiprzemysl.com.pl/cam-cad-cae/darmowy-program-do-analiz-mes/

Can I use PrePoMAX for 2D analysis?

Yes, you can use PrePoMAX for 2D analysis. PrePoMAX supports various 2D finite element types, such as plane stress, plane strain, axisymmetric, and membrane elements¹. You can also import 2D CAD geometry or mesh files and define the analysis features based on them¹.

To perform a 2D analysis in PrePoMAX, you need to follow these steps²:

• Create a new model and select a 2D model space and unit system.
• Import or create a 2D geometry for the analysis.
• Set the mesh parameters and generate a 2D mesh.
• Define the material properties and assign them to the geometry or mesh.
• Define the analysis step type and the output requests.
• Define the constraints, interactions, initial conditions, boundary conditions, and loads for the analysis.
• Run the analysis and view the results.

You can watch this video tutorial³ to see an example of a 2D analysis of heat transfer in a double-pane window using PrePoMAX.

¹: PrePoMax 1.2.1 Manual - UM ²: PrePoMax ³: PrePoMax (CalculiX FEA) - Tutorial 22 - 2D analysis of heat transfer in a double-pane window - YouTube

What is Calculix FEM solver?

Calculix FEM solver is a free and open-source software that can perform linear and non-linear finite element analysis of various physical problems. It can handle static, dynamic, and thermal simulations, as well as eigenvalue and frequency analysis. It uses an input format similar to Abaqus, a commercial FEM software¹.

Calculix FEM solver consists of two main components: CCX, which is the solver written by Guido Dhondt, and CGX, which is the pre- and post-processor written by Klaus Wittig. Both programs can be used independently or together, and they run on Unix platforms like Linux and Irix, as well as on MS-Windows¹.

Calculix FEM solver can be used with various CAD and meshing tools, such as PrePoMAX, which is an open-source pre and post-processor for Calculix FEM solver based on a modern user interface². You can also use external CAD interfaces to import geometry from different formats¹.

If you want to learn more about Calculix FEM solver, you can visit their official website¹ or watch some tutorial videos³. You can also download the latest versions of Calculix FEM solver, the sample models, the meshers and the solver from their download page.

¹: http://www.calculix.de/ ²: https://prepomax.fs.um.si/ ³: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxw0xYfZ9Q7J5wQ1Q6X0y6g : http://www.dhondt.de/cgx_2.21.zip

What are difference between Calculix FEM solver and Ansys Mechanical ?

Calculix FEM solver and Ansys Mechanical are both software tools that can perform finite element analysis (FEA) of various physical problems. However, there are some differences between them in terms of features, capabilities, and costs.

Some of the main differences are:

• Calculix FEM solver is a free and open-source software, while Ansys Mechanical is a commercial and proprietary software. This means that Calculix FEM solver can be used and modified by anyone without any license fees, while Ansys Mechanical requires a paid license to use and has restricted access to its source code¹².
• Calculix FEM solver uses an input format similar to Abaqus, another commercial FEM software, while Ansys Mechanical uses its own input format. This means that Calculix FEM solver can be compatible with Abaqus models and data, while Ansys Mechanical may require some conversion or translation¹³.
• Calculix FEM solver consists of two main components: CCX, which is the solver, and CGX, which is the pre- and post-processor. Ansys Mechanical, on the other hand, is integrated with Ansys Workbench, which is a platform that provides various tools for modeling, meshing, solving, and post-processing. This means that Calculix FEM solver may require some additional software or tools to perform certain tasks, while Ansys Mechanical offers a more comprehensive and user-friendly environment¹³.
• Calculix FEM solver supports both implicit and explicit solvers, while Ansys Mechanical only supports implicit solvers. This means that Calculix FEM solver can handle dynamic problems that involve large deformations, contact, or impact, while Ansys Mechanical may not be suitable for such problems¹³.
• Calculix FEM solver has limited support for shell elements, which are often used to model thin structures. Ansys Mechanical, on the other hand, has more robust and advanced features for shell elements, such as composite layers, nonlinear material models, and failure criteria¹⁴.

These are some of the main differences between Calculix FEM solver and Ansys Mechanical. However, both software tools have their own strengths and weaknesses, and the choice of which one to use may depend on the specific problem, the available resources, and the user’s preference.

¹: https://www.reddit.com/r/fea/comments/abx3xd/comparing_calculix_vs_comercial_solvers_help/ ²: https://www.simscale.com/blog/how-to-choose-solvers-for-fem/ ³: https://forum.ansys.com/forums/topic/solver-workbench-mechanical-vs-fluent/ ⁴: https://calculix.discourse.group/t/difference-between-ansys-and-calculix/506

What are prons and cons between Ansys Workbench and Calculix ?

Ansys Workbench and Calculix are both software tools that can perform finite element analysis (FEA) of various physical problems. However, there are some pros and cons between them in terms of features, capabilities, and costs.

Some of the pros and cons are:

• Ansys Workbench is a commercial and proprietary software, while Calculix is a free and open-source software. This means that Ansys Workbench may have more technical support, documentation, and updates, but it also requires a paid license to use and has restricted access to its source code. Calculix, on the other hand, can be used and modified by anyone without any license fees, but it may have less support, documentation, and updates¹².
• Ansys Workbench uses its own input format, while Calculix uses an input format similar to Abaqus, another commercial FEM software. This means that Ansys Workbench may have more user-friendly and intuitive features, but it also may require some conversion or translation for models and data from other software. Calculix, on the other hand, can be compatible with Abaqus models and data, but it may have less user-friendly and intuitive features¹³.
• Ansys Workbench is integrated with Ansys Workbench, which is a platform that provides various tools for modeling, meshing, solving, and post-processing. Calculix consists of two main components: CCX, which is the solver, and CGX, which is the pre- and post-processor. This means that Ansys Workbench may offer a more comprehensive and seamless environment, but it also may have more dependencies and limitations. Calculix, on the other hand, can be used independently or together, and it can also be used with various CAD and meshing tools, such as PrePoMAX, which is an open-source pre and post-processor for Calculix¹³⁴.
• Ansys Workbench only supports implicit solvers, while Calculix supports both implicit and explicit solvers. This means that Ansys Workbench may have more robust and stable solutions, but it also may not be suitable for dynamic problems that involve large deformations, contact, or impact. Calculix, on the other hand, can handle such problems, but it may have less robust and stable solutions¹³.
• Ansys Workbench has more robust and advanced features for shell elements, which are often used to model thin structures, such as composite layers, nonlinear material models, and failure criteria. Calculix has limited support for shell elements, and it may replace them with one layer of first or second order solids. This means that Ansys Workbench may have more accurate and realistic results, but it also may have more complex and time-consuming models. Calculix, on the other hand, can have simpler and faster models, but it may have less accurate and realistic results¹⁴.

These are some of the pros and cons between Ansys Workbench and Calculix. However, both software tools have their own strengths and weaknesses, and the choice of which one to use may depend on the specific problem, the available resources, and the user’s preference. 

¹: https://www.reddit.com/r/fea/comments/abx3xd/comparing_calculix_vs_comercial_solvers_help/ ²: https://www.simscale.com/blog/how-to-choose-solvers-for-fem/ ³: https://forum.ansys.com/forums/topic/solver-workbench-mechanical-vs-fluent/ ⁴: https://calculix.discourse.group/t/difference-between-ansys-and-calculix/506

💥💥💥 What is FEATool and what is used for ?

FEAtool is a fully integrated simulation platform that allows you to model and simulate coupled physics phenomena, partial differential equations, continuum mechanics, and engineering problems. It offers a customizable and extensible GUI, reproducible simulation results, and one-click export to various formats.

FEAtool can work with different solvers such as OpenFOAM, SU2, and FEniCS. It also supports MATLAB® scripting and toolboxes for optimization and control systems. You can use FEAtool to set up, define, export, and run multiphysics mesh and case files for your simulation needs.

FEAtool is used for a wide range of applications, such as fluid flow, heat transfer, structural mechanics, electromagnetics, acoustics, and more. You can use FEAtool to solve complex engineering problems, design and optimize products, or conduct research and education.

If you want to learn more about how to use FEAtool, you can check out the documentation , the tutorials , or the community forum where you can find more information and support from other users.

How much does FEAtool cost?

FEAtool pricing depends on the license type, the duration, and the technical support option. The license types are personal/hobby, academic/research, and commercial/enterprise. The duration can be either 1 year or perpetual (non-expiring). The technical support can be either community support (public forum) or dedicated developer support¹

The web search results also show some examples of FEAtool pricing from different sources. For instance, one source ² says that the starting price for FEAtool is $203.63 per year, while another source ³ says that the price for FEAtool is $4995.00.

However, these prices may not reflect the current or accurate pricing of FEAtool, as they are based on limited or outdated information. Therefore, I suggest you to contact the official FEAtool website or use their contact form to get more information about their pricing and licensing options.

Can I get FEATool for free?

FEAtool is not available for free, but it has different pricing and licensing options depending on your needs and budget. You can choose between personal/hobby, academic/research, and commercial/enterprise license types, and between 1 year or perpetual (non-expiring) duration. You can also choose between community support (public forum) or dedicated developer support¹

However, you can also request a quote or a trial license if you want to try FEAtool before buying it. You can contact the official FEAtool website or use their contact form to get more information about their pricing and licensing options¹

What are capabilities of FEATool ?

FEATool has many capabilities that make it suitable for a wide range of applications, such as fluid flow, heat transfer, structural mechanics, electromagnetics, acoustics, and more. Some of the capabilities of FEATool are:

• A fully integrated simulation platform that allows you to model and simulate coupled physics phenomena, partial differential equations, continuum mechanics, and engineering problems¹
• A customizable and extensible graphical user interface (GUI) that makes it quick and easy to set up and solve complex computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation models directly in MATLAB²
• A complete library of grid generation and postprocessing functions, as well as command line interface (CLI) programming, and interactive and interpreted programming and scripting capabilities¹
• A reproducible simulation results and one-click export to various formats²
• A support for different solvers such as OpenFOAM, SU2, FEniCS, and Firedrake, which can be used to perform parallel CFD simulations²
• A pre-defined multiphysics modes for viscous incompressible fluid flows, compressible inviscid flow, fluid-structure interaction, porous media flows, heat and mass transport, and more²
• An easily customizable equations and non-linear coefficients for non-Newtonian flows²
• An extensively validated and compared against CFD benchmark test cases²

I hope this helps you with your project. If you have any other questions, feel free to ask me. 😊

Can I use FEATool for structural analysis?

Yes, you can use FEATool for structural analysis. FEATool is a software platform for finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics that supports various physics modes, including structural mechanics¹

With FEATool, you can model and simulate objects and structures under varying load conditions, such as forces, pressures, temperatures, and displacements. You can also analyze the resulting stresses, strains, deformations, and failure modes¹²

FEATool has a library of tutorial models and examples for structural mechanics, such as thin plate with hole, cantilever beam, cylindrical pressure vessel, heat induced stress in a brake disc, and fluid-structure interaction. You can access these models from the File > Model Examples and Tutorials menu or from the documentation³

Are OpenFoam and Fenics solvers automatically installed with FEATool?

OpenFOAM and FEniCS solvers are not automatically installed with FEATool, as every system and OS needs specific versions for compatibility. They must be installed separately before using them with FEATool¹²

You can find the installation instructions for OpenFOAM and FEniCS solvers on their official websites or in the FEATool documentation¹²

Once you have installed the solvers, you can use them with FEATool by selecting the appropriate solver settings and control panel in the Solve Mode. You can also export and run simulations as MATLAB scripts, or use FEATool as a pre and post-processor for the solvers¹²³

I hope this helps you with your project. If you have any other questions, feel free to ask me. 😊